Joint Association of Metabolic Health and Obesity with Ten-Year Risk of Cardiovascular Disease among Chinese Adults / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#This study aims to investigate the association of metabolic phenotypes that are jointly determined by body mass index (BMI) or fat mass percentage and metabolic health status with the ten-year risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among Chinese adults.@*METHODS@#Data were obtained from a cross-sectional study. BMI and body fat mass percentage (FMP) combined with the metabolic status were used to define metabolic phenotypes. Multiple linear regression and logistic regression were used to examine the effects of metabolic phenotypes on CVD risk.@*RESULTS@#A total of 13,239 adults aged 34-75 years were included in this study. Compared with the metabolically healthy non-obese (MHNO) phenotype, the metabolically unhealthy non-obese (MUNO) and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO) phenotypes defined by BMI showed a higher CVD risk [odds ratio, OR (95% confidence interval, CI): 2.34 (1.89-2.89), 3.45 (2.50-4.75), respectively], after adjusting for the covariates. The MUNO and MUO phenotypes defined by FMP showed a higher CVD risk [ OR (95% CI): 2.31 (1.85-2.88), 2.63 (1.98-3.48), respectively] than the MHNO phenotype. The metabolically healthy obese phenotype, regardless of being defined by BMI or FMP, showed no CVD risk compared with the MHNO phenotype.@*CONCLUSION@#General obesity without central obesity does not increase CVD risk in metabolically healthy individuals. FMP might be a more meaningful factor for the evaluation of the association of obesity with CVD risk. Obesity and metabolic status have a synergistic effect on CVD risk.

Study of Zero-Inflated Regression Models in a Large-Scale Population Survey of Sub-Health Status and Its Influencing Factors / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

Objective Sub-health status has progressively gained more attention from both medical professionals and the publics. Treating the number of sub-health symptoms as count data rather than dichotomous data helps to completely and accurately analyze findings in sub-healthy population. This study aims to compare the goodness of fit for count outcome models to identify the optimum model for sub-health study. Methods The sample of the study derived from a large-scale population survey on physiological and psychological constants from 2007 to 2011 in 4 provinces and 2 autonomous regions in China. We constructed four count outcome models using SAS: Poisson model, negative binomial (NB) model, zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) model and zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) model. The number of sub-health symptoms was used as the main outcome measure. The alpha dispersion parameter and O test were used to identify over-dispersed data, and Vuong test was used to evaluate the excessive zero count. The goodness of fit of regression models were determined by predictive probability curves and statistics of likelihood ratio test. Results Of all 78 307 respondents, 38.53% reported no sub-health symptoms. The mean number of sub-health symptoms was 2.98, and the standard deviation was 3.72. The statistic O in over-dispersion test was 720.995 (P<0.001); the estimated alpha was 0.618 (95% CI: 0.600-0.636) comparing ZINB model and ZIP model; Vuong test statistic Z was 45.487. These results indicated over-dispersion of the data and excessive zero counts in this sub-health study. ZINB model had the largest log likelihood (-167 519), the smallest Akaike's Information Criterion coefficient (335 112) and the smallest Bayesian information criterion coefficient (335455), indicating its best goodness of fit. The predictive probabilities for most counts in ZINB model fitted the observed counts best. The logit section of ZINB model analysis showed that age, sex, occupation, smoking, alcohol drinking, ethnicity and obesity were determinants for presence of sub-health symptoms; the binomial negative section of ZINB model analysis showed that sex, occupation, smoking, alcohol drinking, ethnicity, marital status and obesity had significant effect on the severity of sub-health. Conclusions All tests for goodness of fit and the predictive probability curve produced the same finding that ZINB model was the optimum model for exploring the influencing factors of sub-health symptoms.

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Female Sexual Dysfunction in Beijing, China / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) is a highly prevalent and often underestimated problem. However, large-scale, population-based epidemiological surveys of FSD are scarce in China. The present study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence and the potential risk factors of FSD across a selection of social groups in Beijing, China, based on the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A cross-sectional study based on the multiple-stage cluster sampling was performed with adult women throughout the Dongcheng and Shunyi districts of Beijing. The Chinese version of FSFI was used, as well as questions on demographic characteristics, the disease-related context, and social relationships.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 6000 consecutive women entered this study, with an actual response from 5024 women, corresponding to a response rate of 83.7%. A total of 4697 (78.3%) questionnaires were effective. The prevalence of adult FSD in Beijing was 2973 (63.3%) using a score of 26.55 as the boundary value, whereas the total mean FSFI score was 23.92 ± 6.37. However, 1423 (30.3%) women did not seek help. By multivariate logistic regression analysis, the possible potential risk factors included age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.051), dissatisfaction with the spouse's sexual ability (OR = 3.520), poor marital affection (OR = 2.087), spouse sexual difficulties (OR = 1.720), dissatisfaction with married life (OR = 1.476), living in a rural area (OR = 1.292), chronic pelvic pain (OR = 1.261), chronic disease (OR = 1.534), previous pelvic surgery (OR = 1.605), vaginal delivery (OR = 2.285), lower education (OR = 3.449) and postmenopausal (OR = 3.183).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>As suggested by the FSFI scores, female sexual problems are highly prevalent in Beijing. Dissatisfaction with the spouse's sexual ability, poor marital affection, sexual difficulties of the spouse, dissatisfaction with the marriage, rural life, CPP, and postmenopausal were conceivable risk factors for FSD in Beijing women.</p>

Analysis of prognostic factors related to triple-negative breast cancer / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the prognostic factors related to triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) by analyzing clinicopathologic characteristics, treatment and prognosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Three hundred and five TNBC patients treated between January 2004 and December 2011 were enrolled and retrospectively reviewed with Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards models. All patients were females and the age onset were 24-82 years old (the median were 50 years old).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The follow-up period was 1 to 114 months, with median 38 months. The 5-year disease free survival (DFS) rate was 68% and overall survival (OS) rate 75%. The peak risk of recurrence occurs within the first 2-3 years after initial treatment of the disease, but distant relapse after this time is much less common. Survival analysis showed that surgery type (χ(2) = 4.030, P = 0.045), tumor grade (χ(2) = 8.000, P = 0.046), lymph-vascular invasion (χ(2) = 10.386, P = 0.001) and lymph node stage (χ(2) = 119.36, P = 0.000), TNM stage (χ(2) = 65.961, P = 0.000) and treatment plan (χ(2) = 28.371, 21.874, 32.163, all P = 0.000) were statistically related to DFS; while age (χ(2) = 10.226, P = 0.006), lymph-vascular invasion (χ(2) = 18.881, P = 0.000), lymph node stage (χ(2) = 98.958, P = 0.000), TNM stage (χ(2) = 65.342, P = 0.000) and type of treatment (χ(2) = 17.862, 18.708, 31.921, all P = 0.000) were related to OS. The lymph nodes stage was prognostic factor related to both DFS and OS.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>TNBC was characterized by poor prognosis and rapid progression. The lymph nodes metastatic status was the most important prognostic factor of TNBC.</p>

Comparative analysis of early diagnostic tools for breast cancer / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Mammography is the principle imaging modality used for early diagnosis of breast cancer in Western countries. It has not been well-established whether this Western diagnostic modality is adoptable for Chinese women. The aim of this study was to evaluate the respective accuracy of the common diagnostic tools for breast cancer including history-taking, physical examination, ultrasound and mammography.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical presentation and investigations for consecutive patients undergoing history-taking, physical examination, ultrasound, mammography and pathological assessment at Peking Union Medical College Hospital were prospectively recorded between April 2010 and September 2011. Breast cancer high-risk factors acquired by history-taking were input into the risk assessment model established previously by Eleventh Five Year Key Programs for Science and Technology Development of China (Grant No. 2006BAI02A09) and classified into low-, medium-, high- and extremely high-risk groups. The low- and medium-risk groups were defined as test negative, while the high- and extremely high-risk groups were defined as test positive. Each mammogram and ultrasound was reported prospectively using a five-point reporting scale of the American College of Radiology (ACR) Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS). Clinical data were compared with pathological findings. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PRV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy of respective diagnostic methods were calculated and compared. The patients were divided into two groups, above and below 50 years of age for subgroup analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 1468 patients (1475 breast lesions) constituted the study population. The median age was 44 (range 13 - 92) years. Five hundred and fifty-one patients were diagnosed as breast cancer. The median age at diagnosis was 51 years and breast cancer peaked in the age group of 40 - 60 years. The sensitivity of risk assessment model, physical examination, ultrasound and mammogram was 47.5%, 86.2%, 89.8% and 79.3%, respectively; specificity was 68.8%, 83.3%, 81.0% and 88.7%, respectively; PRV was 47.6%, 75.5%, 73.8% and 80.8%, respectively; NPV was 68.8%, 91.0%, 93.0% and 87.8%, respectively; and accuracy was 60.9%, 84.4%, 84.3% and 85.2%, respectively. Further subgroup analysis demonstrated that age is an important factor influencing the sensitivity and specificity of physical examination, ultrasound and mammography.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Ultrasound is more sensitive than mammography for early diagnosis of breast cancer in Chinese women and should be routinely used as a first-line diagnostic tool. Only a single diagnostic method is not enough sometimes and combined examination is needed for some high-risk populations.</p>

Prediction of ventilatory function in children and adolescents using backpropagation neural networks / 生理学报

The aim of this study is to develop backpropagation neural networks (BPNN) for better prediction of ventilatory function in children and adolescents. Nine hundred and ninety-nine healthy children and adolescents (500 males and 499 females) aged 10-18 years, all of the Han Nationality, were selected from Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and their heights, weights, and ventilatory functions were measured respectively by means of physical examination and spirometric test. Using the approaches of BPNN and stepwise multiple regression, the prediction models and equations for forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced expiratory flow at 25% of forced vital capacity (FEF25%), forced expiratory flow at 50% of forced vital capacity (FEF50%), maximal mid-expiratory flow (MMEF) and forced expiratory flow at 75% of forced vital capacity (FEF75%) were established. Through analyzing mean squared difference (MSD) and correlation coefficient (R) of the ventilatory function indexes, the present study compared the results of BPNN, linear regression equation based on this work (LR's equation), prediction equations based on the studies of Ip et al. (Ip's equation) and Zapletal et al. (Zapletal's equation). The results showed, regardless of sex, the BPNN prediction models appeared to have smaller MSD and higher R values, compared with those from the other prediction equations; and the LR's equation also had smaller MSD and higher R values compared with those from Ip's and Zapletal's equations. The coefficients of variance (CV) for FEF50%, MMEF and FEF75% were higher than those of the other ventilatory function parameters, and their increasing percentages of R values (ΔR, relative to R values by LR's equation) derived by BPNN were correspondingly higher than those of the other indexes. In sum, BPNN approach for ventilatory function prediction outperforms the traditional regression methods. When CV of a certain ventilatory function parameter is higher, the superiority of BPNN would be more significant compared with traditional regression methods.

Spirometric Standards for Healthy Children and Adolescents of Korean Chinese in Northeast China

In China there are 1,923,842 Korean Chinese, who live mostly (92.27%) in the country's three northeast provinces. In spite of this sizeable number, no spirometric data are available at present on them. The present study investigated normal spirometric reference values for the Korean Chinese children and adolescents. Spirometry was performed in 443 healthy Korean Chinese children and adolescents aged 8-18 yr with measurements of forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), peak expiratory flow (PEF) and maximum mid-expiratory flow (MMEF). Reference equations for FEV1, FVC, PEF and MMEF were derived by using multiple regression analysis. All of the measured spirometric parameters correlated positively with height and age significantly (P < 0.001). The predicted values of FVC and FEV1 were higher than values obtained by using Caucasian and other Asian equations (P < 0.001). A set of spirometric reference equations has been derived using a relatively large, healthy, non-smoking young Korean Chinese population with a wide range of ages and heights, the results of which differ from those gained from several other reference equations. These reference equations should be used for evaluation of lung function in this population.

Fat mass and fat free mass on ventilatory function in adults / 生理学报

This study is designed to probe for the effects of fat mass (FM) and fat free mass (FFM) on ventilatory function in adults. 1 307 healthy adults (372 males and 935 females) were selected from some localities of Heilongjiang province through random sampling by means of questionnaire and physical examination and measured for height, weight, waist to hip ratio (WHR), FM, FFM and ventilatory function. The data were analyzed by means of Pearson correlation analysis, independent-samples t test and multi-factors regression analysis. Regardless of sex, an independent positive correlation was found (P<0.001) between age and fat mass index (FMI). Regardless of sex, fat free mass index (FFMI) was found to be positively associated with forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), peak expiratory flow (PEF) and forced expiratory flow at 25% of forced vital capacity (FEF25%) (P<0.01), and FMI was significantly and negatively related to FVC, FEV1, FEF75% (P<0.05). In males FMI was significantly and negatively related to maximal mid-expiratory flow (MMEF) (P<0.05). Regardless of sex, the effect of FFMI on FVC was higher than that of FMI. For the males, the effect of FFMI on FVC was smaller than that of FMI, while the opposite was found in the females. Regardless of sex, FEF75% tended to decrease with increasing FMI, while FFMI was found to have no effects on FEF75%. MMEF tended to decrease with increasing FMI in the males, but no marked change was found in the females. The above results suggest that FM and FFM are independent factors influencing ventilatory function in adults. FM is negatively correlated with ventilatory function, but as a reflection of muscle mass, FFM is positively correlated with ventilatory function in adults. There is quantitative difference between the effects of FFM and FM on ventilatory function.

Relation between fat mass, fat free mass and ventilatory function in children and adolescents / 生理学报

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relation between fat mass (FM), fat free mass (FFM) and ventilatory function in children and adolescents. 1 174 healthy children and adolescents (583 males and 591 females) aged 10-18 years were selected from Heilongjiang Province through random sampling by means of questionnaire and physical examination, and measured for height, weight, waist to hip ratio (WHR), FM, FFM and ventilatory function. The data were analyzed by means of independent-samples t test, Pearson correlation analysis and multi-factors regression analysis. Regardless of sex, an independent positive correlation was found (P<0.001) between age and FFM index (FFMI). FM index (FMI) correlated negatively with age in males (P<0.001), but positively with age in females (P<0.001). Regardless of sex, FFMI correlated positively with forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced expiratory flow at 25% of forced vital capacity (FEF25%), FEF50%, and maximal mid-expiratory flow (MMEF) (P<0.05), while negatively with FEV1/FVC (P<0.01). FFMI was correlated positively with FEF75% in males (P<0.05), but not correlated in females. In males, FMI correlated negatively with FEV1, FEV1/FVC, PEF, FEF25%, FEF50%, FEF75% and MMEF (P<0.05), but not correlated with FVC. No correlation was found between the ventilatory function indices and FMI in females. Except FEV1/FVC and FEF75% in males, the effect of FFMI in predicting ventilatory function was higher than FMI regardless of sex. Moreover, the predicting effect of FFMI was higher in males than that in females. Growth spurt of lung function occurred in the ages of 12-15 years in males, while in the ages of 12, 13 and 18 years in females. During the period of growth spurt of lung function, regardless of sex, the effect of FFMI in predicting the lung function was higher than that of age. In conclusion, regardless of sex, FFMI correlates positively with ventilatory function, as a reflection of muscle mass. The effect of FFM in predicting ventilatory function is higher in males than that in females. FM correlates negatively with ventilatory function in males, but not in females. The rapid growth of height and FFM are possibly the main reasons for growth spurt of lung function.

Relationship of body mass index, fat free mass index, and fat mass index with inspiratory capacity in adults with normal lung function / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the relationship of inspiratory capacity (IC) with body mass index (BMI), fat free mass index (FFMI), and fat mass index (FMI) in adults with normal lung function.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Based on a survey on the Chinese physiological constants conducted in Heilongjiang during 2008, we obtained the data of 2,050 adults (921 men and 1,129 women aged 19-81 years) with normal lung function and grouped them according to the standard of classification of body weight recommended by Working Group on Obesity of China. Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson correlation analysis, one-way analysis of variance,and multi-factor regression analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After the influences of age and gender were adjusted, IC was positively correlated with BMI, FFMI, and FMI in adults aged 19-81 years (all P= 0.000) (the correlation coefficients were 0.320, 0.303, and 0.204, respectively). The means of IC, FFMI, and FMI in obesity group were significantly higher than those in overweight group normal weight group, and underweight group, were significantly higher in overweight group than in normal weight group and underweight group, were significantly higher in normal weight group than in underweight group (all P = 0.000). Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that factors including age, gender, height, FFMI, and FMI influenced IC, and while height, FFMI, and FMI were positively correlated with IC, gender and age were negatively correlated with IC.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>BMI, FFMI, and FMI are positively correlated with IC in adults with normal lung function. The elevation of IC derived from BMI may attribute to FFMI and FMI, and FFMI has a higher influence on IC than FMI does.</p>

The relationship between body fat percentage, waist-hip ratio and pulmonary ventilatory function among the adult females in Heilongjiang, in 2008 / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To examine the effect of body fat mass and fat distribution on pulmonary ventilatory function among the adult females.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Based on the multistage cluster sampling principal, we selected 935 healthy adult females with ages of 19-81 years old in Heilongjiang province to conduct the study. Every 10-years old as a age group. Firstly obtain the basic situation through the questionnaire survey, and then measure the height, body weight, waistline, hip circumference, body composition and lung function. FVC, FEV1, PEF, FEF25%, FEF 50%, FEF 75% and MMEF were determined. This study also examined the relationships between percentage body fat (PBF), waist-hip ratio (WHR) and FVC, FEV1, PEF, FEF25%, FEF 50%, FEF 75%, MMEF.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>PBF of subjects with ages of 19 - 29 years old and over 60 years old were (16.89 ± 5.34)% and (24.39 ± 6.83)%, WHR were 0.77 ± 0.05 and 0.88 ± 0.06, respectively. PBF and WHR tended to increase with age (F = 50.11, P value < 0.01). PBF obesity rates of subjects with ages of 19 - 29 years old and over 60 years old were 3.23% (7/217) and 43.75% (28/64), WHR obesity rates were 19.35% (42/217) and 85.94% (55/64) respectively. PBF obesity rate and WHR obesity rate tended to increase with age (χ(2) = 161.66, P value < 0.01; χ(2) = 159.61, P value < 0.01). PBF obesity groups compared with the normal groups, the former pulmonary ventilation function reduced significantly, of which FEF 50%, FEF 75% and MMEF decreased 2.61%, 19.44%, 10.28%, respectively. WHR obesity groups compared with the normal groups, the former pulmonary ventilation function reduced significantly, of which FEF 50%, FEF 75% and MMEF decreased 7.61%, 23.15%, 12.04%. After adjustment of age, height and body mass index (BMI), PBF was negatively correlated with FVC, FEV1, PEF and FEF25% (r values were -0.14, -0.14, -0.07, -0.07, respectively, all P value s < 0.05); WHR was negatively correlated with FEV1 (r value was -0.07, P value < 0.05) after adjustment of age, height and BMI.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>PBF augmentation and abdominal obesity among adult females may be the risk factors of pulmonary function impairment.</p>

Comparison of the systemic vascular resistance and the correlative factors in Han and Korean populations of China / 生理学报

In the present study, the differences in systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and the correlated risk factors between Han and Korean residents were investigated. 1 647 Hans and 876 Koreans from Mudanjiang and Hailin areas of Heilongjiang Province were examined with BIOZ Cardio Dynamics Monitor. A series of factors were determined, including SVR, systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac output (CO), cardiac output index (CI) and heart rate (HR). The data were analyzed with SPSS 15.0 statistic software. When SVR/SVRI were compared between Han and Korean populations by t-test, it was shown that statistic difference existed in the following age and gender groups: (1) For SVR: male 41-50, 51-60, and 61-70 (P<0.001), 31-40 (P<0.01), 19-30 (P<0.05) age groups; female 15-18, 31-40, 51-60 (P<0.001), 41-50 (P<0.01), and 61-70 (P<0.05) age groups; (2) For SVRI, male 41-50, 51-60 (P<0.05) age groups; female 10-14, 51-60 (P<0.001), 15-18, 31-40 (P<0.01), and 41-50 (P<0.05) age groups. Covariance analysis suggests that, excluding the contributions of gender, age and body mass index (BMI), the differences in SVR/SVRI between the two populations are still significant (P<0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis reveals that SVR difference between Han and Korean populations is attributed to MAP, DBP, CI, SBP, HR; While SVRI difference between two populations is attributed to MAP, DBP, SBP, CI, HR, strongly to weakly, respectively. These results suggest the higher SVR and SVRI are possibly correlated with the relatively higher blood pressure of Korean, compared with that of Han population.

Relationship between perinatal characteristics and later activities of daily living in Chinese elderly people / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>There are no reports on the association between perinatal characteristics and comprehensive physical function in Chinese elderly people. In this study, we traced 875 subjects who were born at the Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) of China from 1921 to 1941. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of perinatal characteristics on activities of daily living (ADL) function in the geriatric period.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Birth data of 875 subjects were obtained from obstetric birth records of PUMCH. Adulthood data collection was conducted in the outpatient clinics of PUMCH. During the clinic visits, trained research staff administered physical examinations, activities of daily living scale and a demographic questionnaire. ADLs of all subjects were assessed with the activities of daily living scale.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 101 subjects whose ADL function was limited and the rate of ADL limitation was 11.5%. Binary logistic regression analyses results showed that the main influencing factors of ADL were age, maternal age at birth, occupation, daily exercise and chronic disease. Subjects whose maternal age at their birth exceeded 35 years were at 2.202 times (1.188 - 4.083) greater risk of ADL limitation when we applied multivariate logistic regression models.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>This study validated the relationship between perinatal characteristics and ADL in the geriatric period. An older maternal age at birth could predict a higher ADL limitation rate in the geriatric period.</p>

The relationship between percentage body fat, waist-hip ratio and cardiovascular function in the adult females of Heilongjiang province / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the relationship between body fat mass and distribution and cardiovascular function in the adult females of Heilongjiang province.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Based on the statistic variable random sampling principal, we selected 1903 healthy adult females with ages of 18 - 70 years old in Heilongjiang province to conduct the study. The height, body weight, waist, chest measurement and waist-hip ratio (WHR) were measured. Body components quota including fat weight, lean weight, percentage of body fat (PBF) were taken respectively; systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), cardiac output (CO), cardiac index (CI), stroke volume (SV), stroke index (SI), left cardiac work (LCW) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) were determined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The PBF and WHR increased with aging, and the PBF of those with ages of 18-, 30-, 40-, 50- and 60 - 70 year's old were (16.86 +/- 5.37)%, (18.43 +/- 4.89)%, (20.99 +/- 5.79)%, (23.47 +/- 5.74)% and (25.77 +/- 6.38)%, respectively (F = 154.46, P < 0.01); and the WHR were 0.77 +/- 0.05, 0.80 +/- 0.05, 0.83 +/- 0.05, 0.85 +/- 0.06 and 0.89 +/- 0.07, respectively (F = 229.84, P < 0.01). The HR, CO, CI, SBP, DBP and LCW were (75.45 +/- 0.35) bpm, (4.42 +/- 0.02) L/min, (2.78 +/- 0.01) L * min(-1) * m(-2), (114.94 +/- 0.40) mm Hg (1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa), (64.90 +/- 0.28) mm Hg, (4.57 +/- 0.03) kg * m/m(2) respectively in normal PBF groups; whereas the HR, CO, CI, SBP, DBP and LCW in the PBF obesity groups were (77.42 +/- 0.88) bpm, (4.54 +/- 0.05) L/min, (2.88 +/- 0.03) L * min(-1) * m(-2), (120.55 +/- 1.00) mm Hg, (66.56 +/- 0.71) mm Hg and (4.86 +/- 0.07) kg * m/m(2), respectively, F values were 3.182, 9.173, 8.478, 13.497, 2.637, and 10.631, respectively (all P values < 0.05) after the adjustment of age, height and weight, PBF was positively correlated with HR, CO, CI, SI, SBP, DBP and LCW (r values were 0.06, 0.11, 0.10, 0.11 and 0.12, respectively, all P values < 0.05); WHR was positively correlated with CI, SI, SBP, DBP, LCW and SVR (r values were 0.14, 014, 0.19, 0.18, 0.10 and 0.12, respectively, all P values < 0.01) after the adjustment of age, height and weight.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>PBF augmentation and abdominal obesity in females can result in cardiac dysfunction such as cardiac overload, CO increasing and blood pressure rising.</p>

Distribution of systemic vascular resistance disorders and its related factors in Hebei province / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the distribution features of systemic vascular resistance (SVR) disorder in healthy subjects in Hebei province.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>SVR and systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), pulse pressure (PP), heart rate (HR), cardiac output (CO), cardiac index (CI), stroke volume (SV), stroke index (SI), left ventricular ejection time (LVET), left cardiac work (LCW) and cardiovascular function were determined with Bioz. com Cardio Dynamics. Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and influencing factor were tested by automated hematology analyzer in 999 healthy subjects living in Hebei province.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>SVR disorder gradually increased with the ageing in healthy subjects and the prevalences of SVR disorders was higher among females than among males (P < 0.001). SVR was positively correlated with SBP, DBP, MAP, PP, LVET, body mass index (BMI), TC, and TG, and was inversely associated with HR, CO, CI, SV, SI, LCW, and arterial compliance (AC). CO and MAP were independent influencing factors with SVR.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>SVR disorder is associated with age, sex, and blood pressure in populations in Hebei province and may be a marker of vascular injury.</p>

Ultrasonic bone mineral density of calcaneus in 1 816 healthy subjects in Guangxi autonomous region / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the relationship between ultrasonic bone mineral density (BMD) of calcaneus and age, height, and body weight, and to establish the normal reference value for stiffness index (SI) of healthy subjects in Guangxi autonomous region and provide scientific foundation for the diagnosis and prevention of osteoporosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>SI of calcaneus in 1 816 healthy adults aged 11-90 years (775 men, 1 041 women) were measured with quantitative ultrasound. According to their ages, all the men and women were divided into 13 groups by 5-year age group.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>SI reached peak values in 21-25 year group in men (range: 111.45 +/- 21.19) and in 16-20 year group in women (range: 101.26 +/- 17.51). Then the SI value began to decline with aging. The SI featured by a typical dual-peak curve in women and the decrease rate of SI was faster in women than in men over 61 years. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed significantly negative correlation between SI and age (P < 0.001), positive correlation between SI and body weight (P < 0.05 for men; P < 0.01 for women), and positive correlation between SI and height in women (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>SI correlates with age, height, and weight. The acquired SI value may provide a reference for the diagnosis of osteoporosis.</p>

Influence of intravenous infusion of D-fructose on post-operative blood glucose level in burn patients / 中华烧伤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the influence of intravenous infusion of 50 g/L fructose on post-operative blood glucose level in burn patients, and to evaluate its therapeutic value and safety.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A prospective, randomized, double blinded clinical trial was conducted. Forty-one burn patients with burn area ranging between 10% -30% of total body surface (TBSA) and third degree burns ranging between 1% -10% TBSA were enrolled in the study and randomized into experiment group (E, n = 21, with intravenous infusion of 500 ml of 50 g/L fructose daily for 3 days after escharectomy) and control group ( C, n = 20, with intravenous infusion of glucose 1 day after escharectomy for 3 days). Intravenous infusion of other carbohydrate liquids or oral intake of sugar was withhold within 4 hours of fructose or glucose infusion. Physical signs and side effects were observed during the administration. The plasma glucose contents before operation and on 1, 2 and 3 post-operation day( POD) were measured. The serum content of lactic acid, uric acid, hepatic and renal function were determined before operation and on 4 POD.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Physical signs before and after drug administration, and plasma glucose content before operation, as well as before and after fructose administration in 3 POD exhibited no obvious difference between the two groups ( P > 0. 05 ). The plasma glucose content was increased 3 days after operation in the control group, and it reached the peak on 3 POD [ (8. 4+/-3. 5) mmol/L] , which was markedly higher than that before glucose administration [ (6. 4+/-2.4) mmol/L, P <0. 01) ]. The plasma contents of lactic acid and uric acid showed no obvious difference ( P >0.05) between the two groups, and also no difference before and after operation ( P > 0. 05). No changes were observed in hepatic and renal functions.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Intravenous infusion of 50 g/L D-fructose is safe because it exerts little influence on blood glucose level.</p>

Effect of age on the precision of dual X-ray absorptiometry measurement in middle-aged and elderly women / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate whether age influence the precision of dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurement at the hip in middle-aged and elderly women.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 90 women were randomly selected and divided into three age groups: 45-55 years, 56-65 years, and 66-75 years. Each age group contained 30 women. Each woman was scanned twice at the same day. Bone mineral density (BMD) values of femoral neck, ward's triangle, and trochanter were collected and grouped by calculating the root mean square (RMS). Precision errors were expressed as RMS (standard deviation, SD).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>For the femoral neck and trochanter, significant differences of SD of BMD existed among all age groups. For the ward's triangle, significant difference of BMD existed among all age groups except between the 45-55 group and 56-65 age group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Age can influence the precision of DXA measurement at the hip in middle-aged and elderly women.</p>

A multi-center clinical trial of recombinant human thrombopoietin in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia in patients with solid tumor / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the efficacy and safety of recombinant human thrombopoietin (rhTPO) on chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia in patients with solid tumor.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In this randomized crossover self-controlled multi-center clinical trial, 154 patients with solid tumor were randomly divided into two groups (group A 77 cases and group B 77 cases). All patients were given the same two cycles of chemotherapy. In group A, the first cycle was treated cycle, in which patients were given rhTPO, while the second cycle was non-treated cycle as a control. In group B, the first cycle was non-treated cycle as a control, while the second cycle was treated cycle. RhTPO 1.0 microg/(kg x d) was administered subcutaneously 6-24 hours after chemotherapy for the longest 14 days. Laboratory tests included complete blood counts, urinalysis, serum chemistry, coagulant test, chest radiography, and electrocardiogram. Serum samples were screened for anti-rhTPO antibodies.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In both group A and group B, platelet decrease and duration had no significant difference between the treated cycle and non-treated cycle. Platelet count was higher in the treated cycle, than in the non-treated cycle: [minimal mean platelet count (64.4 +/- 45.4) x 10(9) cells/L and (52.4 +/- 30.9) x 10(9) cells/L (P=0.000), maximal mean platelet count (263.9 +/- 142.5) x 10(9) cells/L and (148.9 +/- 67.7) x 10(9) cells/L (P=0.000)]. Duration of thrombocytopenia was shorter in the treated cycle than in the non-treated cycle [days with platelet count < 50 x 10(9) cells/L, (2.5 +/- 3.9) and (3.7 +/- 5.7) (P=0.04); days with platelet count recovered > or = 75 x 10(9) cells/L, (10.3 +/- 8.7) and (14.0 +/- 8.9) (P=0.000), and days with platelet count recovered > or = 100 x 10(9) cells/L, (15.9 +/- 10.5) and (21.1 +/- 9.5) (P=0.000)]. The need for platelet transfusion was not significantly reduced in treated cycle. The effects of rhTPO on WBC, Hb, hepatic function, renal function, and coagulant function were not found. Transient low-titer non-neutralizing antibody was developed in one patient. Therapy with rhTPO was tolerated by all patients. Mild side effects were observed in individual patients, including fever, dizziness, and chill. Conclusion Administration of rhTPO after chemotherapy can significantly reduce the degree and duration of thrombocytopenia and promote platelet recovery. Therapy with rhTPO seems to be safe.</p>

Analysis of the levels of serum total calcium and inorganic phosphate of 2,342 children in Beijing / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the changes of serum total calcium (Ca) and inorganic phosphate (P) levels during children growth and related factors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using a stratified-multi-steps-cluster sampling method, we selected 2,342 healthy children aged 10-18 years from urban and suburban areas of Beijing from September 2001 to December 2001 to test the levels of serum Ca and P. Their meal status was also surveyed to analyse the correlation of the leves of serum Ca and P with sex, age, height, weight, and diet on statistic basis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The Ca levels of Beijing children were (2.39 +/- 0.12) mmol/L, which had a positive correlation with age, height, and weight (P < 0.01). The Ca levels of female children were somewhat higher than those of male [male, (2.38 +/- 0.12) mmol/L; female, (2.39 +/- 0.12) mmol/L; P < 0.05]. The Ca levels of urban children were significantly higher than those of suburban children [urban, (2.40 +/- 0.13) mmol/L; suburban, (2.37 +/- 0.10) mmol/L; P < 0.001]. The P levels of Beijing children were (1.39 +/- 0.18) mmol/L, which had a negative correlation with age, height, and weight (P < 0.01). The P levels of male children were significantly higher than those of female [male, (1.43 +/- 0.18) mmol/L; female, (1.36 +/- 0.17) mmol/L; P < 0.001]. The P levels of urban children were significant higher than those of suburban children [urban, (1.41 +/- 0.19) mmol/L; suburban, (1.38 +/- 0.16) mmol/L; P < 0.001]. The Ca levels of Beijing children had a negative correlation with P levels (r=-0.141, P < 0.01). [Ca] x [P] (mmol/L) of Beijing children were 3.32 +/- 0.44. The value of [Ca] x [P] reached peak by 3.45 +/- 0.46 when Beijing children were of 13-14 years old, and then the value declined with increasing age.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The levels of serum Ca and P correlates with sex, age, growth, and diet. The level of serum Ca goes up while P goes down during the children growth.</p>